5/3/2023 0 Comments Zona pro downloadIn this case study, we report a live birth coupled with full time-lapse footage of its originating embryo from a patient who displayed complete ZP production failure. There are a limited number of reports in the literature regarding live birth outcomes originating from such ZP-free oocytes and, in particular, the subgroup with intrinsic ZP production defect. In all of these patients, the oocyte is very fragile due to the lack of a protective surrounding shell and requires very delicate handling. ZP-free oocytes may be present in the assisted reproductive laboratory as a result of either ruptured ZP during in vitro manipulation, purposefully removed ZP, or ZP production issues in a rare patient population. It has been shown in the human using native or recombinant ZP proteins that ZP1, ZP3, and ZP4 primarily bind capacitated sperm and induce acrosome reaction, whereas ZP2 binds acrosome-reacted sperm. The human ZP is comprised of four glycoproteins which are encoded in genes ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. In addition, it offers a critical role during sperm binding, fertilization, and prevention of polyspermy. The function of this structure is to provide a physical support enclosure for dividing blastomeres, to inhibit tubal implantation and to provide protection from the maternal immune system. The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular transparent glycoproteinaceous matrix that surrounds the oocyte and has been considered an important component for subsequent embryo development.
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